Chapter 1 - Priming
we have two minds, emotion and ration. Emotion creates autopilot mode, which is in animals because they have small
This chapter talks about 'priming' the act of convincing people emotionally. For example, the clothes you wear in a job interview. We can try by a smile and thank-you that would affect the way others feel
Summary in one sentence (SIOS):
Chapter 2 - Confabulation
In this chapter, the author mentions about 'split-brain' syndrome when left and right brains are separated for medical treatment.
Then, the author concludes that we're living in hybrid non-fiction life, in which the experience plus the emotion are mixed together.
SIOS:
Chapter 3 - Confirmation Bias
People want to hear what they want to hear. They look around to find something similar to them to support their ideas. The world is filtered out by their belief, rather see things as they are. People tend to compare things with their beliefs to confirm they are right.
--> SIOS: Confirmation bias occurs when a person seeking for validation of their actions or beliefs, way to avoid it is to find evidence, fact, to support the contrary, if not, accept the truth.
Chapter 4 - Hindsight Bias
--> SIOS:people update new information and less likely compare with the previous information to find the truth.
Chapter 5 - The Texas Sharpshooter Fallacy
Our lives involve chance.
Chapter 6 - Procrastination
metacognition :: think about thinking
Chapter 7 - Normalcy Bias
THE MISCONCEPTION: Your fight-or-flight instincts kick in and you panic when disaster strikes.
THE TRUTH: You often become abnormally calm and pretend everything is normal in a crisis.
Chapter 8 - Introspection
THE MISCONCEPTION: You know why you like the things you like and feel the way you feel.
THE TRUTH: The origin of certain emotional states is unavailable to you, and when pressed to explain them, you will just make something up.
Chapter 9 - The Availability Heuristic
Chapter 10 - The Bystander Effect
THE MISCONCEPTION: When someone is hurt, people rush to their aid.
THE TRUTH: The more people who witness a person in distress, the less likely it is that any one person will help.
Chapter 11 - The Dunning-Kruger Effect
THE MISCONCEPTION: You can predict how well you would perform in any situation.
THE TRUTH: You are generally pretty bad at estimating your competence and the difficulty of complex tasks
Chapter 12 - Apophenia
THE MISCONCEPTION: Some coincidences are so miraculous, they must have meaning.
THE TRUTH: Coincidences are a routine part of life, even the seemingly miraculous ones. Any meaning applied to them comes from your mind.
Chapter 13 - Brand Loyalty
THE MISCONCEPTION: You prefer the things you own over the things you don’t because you made rational choices when you bought them.
THE TRUTH: You prefer the things you own because you rationalize your past choices to protect your sense of self.
Chapter 14 - The Argument from Authority
THE MISCONCEPTION: You are more concerned with the validity of information than the person delivering it.
THE TRUTH: The status and credentials of an individual greatly influence your perception of that individual’s message.
Chapter 15 - The Argument from Ignorance
THE MISCONCEPTION: When you can’t explain something, you focus on what you can prove.
THE TRUTH: When you are unsure of something, you are more likely to accept strange explanations.
Chapter 16 - The Straw Man Fallacy
THE MISCONCEPTION: When you argue, you try to stick to the facts.
THE TRUTH: In any argument, anger will tempt you to reframe your opponent’s position.
Chapter 17 - The Ad Hominem Fallacy
THE MISCONCEPTION: If you can’t trust someone, you should ignore that person’s claims. THE TRUTH: What someone says and why they say it should be judged separately.
we tend to analyze the character of a person and believe it's consistent; however, we also need "evidence to avoid delusion"
For example: an astronaut can be a murder
Chapter 18 - The Just-World Fallacy
THE MISCONCEPTION: People who are losing at the game of life must have done something to deserve it.
THE TRUTH: The beneficiaries of good fortune often do nothing to earn it, and bad people often get away with their actions without consequences.
Chapter 19 - The Public Goods Game
THE MISCONCEPTION: We could create a system with no regulations where everyone would contribute to the good of society, everyone would benefit, and everyone would be happy.
THE TRUTH: Without some form of regulation, slackers and cheaters will crash economic systems because people don’t want to feel like suckers.
Chapter 20 - The Ultimatum Game
THE MISCONCEPTION: You choose to accept or refuse an offer based on logic.
THE TRUTH: When it comes to making a deal, you base your decision on your status.
Chapter 21 - Subjective Validation
THE MISCONCEPTION: You are skeptical of generalities.
THE TRUTH: You are prone to believing vague statements and predictions are true, especially if they are positive and address you personally.
Chapter 22 - Cult Indoctrination
Chapter 23 - Groupthink
Chapter 24 - Supernormal Releasers
Chapter 25 - The Affect Heuristic
Chapter 26 - Dunbar’s Number
Chapter 27 - Selling Out
Chapter 28 - Self-Serving Bias
Chapter 29 - The Spotlight Effect
Chapter 30 - The Third Person Effect
Chapter 31 - Catharsis
Chapter 32 - The Misinformation Effect
Chapter 33 - Conformity
Chapter 34 - Extinction Burst
Chapter 35 - Social Loafing
Chapter 36 - The Illusion of Transparency
Chapter 37 - Learned Helplessness
Chapter 38 - Embodied Cognition
Chapter 39 - The Anchoring Effect
Chapter 40 - Attention
Chapter 41 - Self-Handicapping
Chapter 42 - Self-Fulfilling Prophecies
Chapter 43 - The Moment
Chapter 44 - Consistency Bias
Chapter 45 - The Representativeness Heuristic
Chapter 46 - Expectation
